Learn Polish Language Easy and Free - What is Dopełniacz ? (Part 1)

Learn Polish Language - What is Dopełniacz ?

Dopełniacz is a form that is more often used among other basic form of grammar. The use of Dopełniacz are to indicate possession, state the negation the form of Biernik and many more. In this article I would describe more about the use of Dopełniacz

The form of Question used for Dopełniacz

Kogo? (Who) / Czego ? (What) is used to state question in Dopełniacz.

For Example :

Kogo nie lubisz ? Who you don’t like?

Czego nie lubisz ? What you don’t like ?

The Pattern of Dopelniacs

Singular Dopelniacs

Pattern Singular Dopelniacz - Learn Polish Language - What is Dopełniacz ?

Explanation :

A. Noun / Rzeczownik - Dopełniacz

1.Male / R. meski - Dopełniacz

For male, there are 2 categorization. Living things (Human, animal) and non-living thing

The form for Living things, the ending must be changed to a. For example :

Kot -> Kota

Aksan (name) -> Aksana

Zen (name) -> Zena

Naucziciel -> Naucziciela

Profesor -> Profesora

Willy (name) -> Willego (Not regular, because the name is not Polish name).

But, the form for Object (non-living things), the endings must be changed to a or u. According to my teacher, there is no rule when a word must be changed to a or u. So, reading Polish text, listening Polish conversation or song, and watching Polish movies can absolutely help a lot.

For example :

Telefon -> Telefonu

Fotel -> Fotela

Sok -> Soku

Ryz -> Ryzu

Pomidor -> Pomidora

Chleb -> Chleba

Banan -> Banana

2. Female / R. Zeski - Dopełniacz

For Female, there are two kind of endings, y or i. We use i when the ending of a word is k or g. Some example below will give a clear understanding of when to use the y/i.

For example :

Siotra -> Siostry

Studentka -> Studentki

Filologia -> Filologii

Dorota -> Doroty

3. Neutral / R. Niaki - Dopełniacz

For Neutral, the ending can only be changed to a.

For ezample :

Mieszkanie -> Mieszkania

Dziecko -> Dziecka

Miasto -> Miasta

B. Adjective / Przymiotnik - Dopełniacz

Not only the noun, the form of adjective can change too. There are 3 type of changes related to gender. As we all know, there are three genders, male (r.meski), female (r.zeski), and neutral (r.niaki).

1. Male / R. meski - Dopełniacz

For male (living things or non living things), the ending will only change to ego.

For Example :

Dobry -> Dobrego

Pomaranczowy -> Pomaranczowego

Ten -> tego

Moj -> Mojego

Mily -> Milego

Maly -> Malego

2. Female / R. zeski - Dopełniacz

The change of ending can be ej or iej. The ending of word must be changed to iej if the ending of word is k or g.

For example:

Dobra -> Dobrej

Ladna -> Ladnej

Nudna -> Nudnej

Duza -> Duzej

Francuszka -> Francuszkiej

3. Niaki / R. niaki - Dopełniacz

For Neutral, the ending will only change to ego.

For Example :

Duzo -> Duzego

Male -> Malego

Drogie -> Drogiego

Tanie -> Taniego

Example in full Sentence - Dopełniacz

These are some example in Dopełniacz that combines Noun / Rzeczownik and Adjective / Przymiotnik.

Example :

Soku Pomaranczowego

Dobrego psa

Even though the form is correct, but those example is not complete. Remember, apart from using Dopelniacs as the negation form of Biernik, Dopelniacs are used for some form. For instance, Dopelniacs as negation of Biernik : Nie mam Soku Pomaranczowego, nie znam dobrego Profesora, nie słucham doroty.

The next part of this article is continued here : Learn Polish Language Easy and Free - What is Dopełniacz ? (Part 2).